Probiotics: Definition, Types, Benefits, and Applications in Health and Pharmaceuticals
Introduction Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. The term “probiotic” comes from the Greek words “pro” (for) and “bios” (life), meaning “for life.” These beneficial microbes play a vital role in maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota, supporting digestion, and enhancing immune function. In recent decades, probiotics have gained significant attention in both the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their wide-ranging therapeutic benefits. They are commonly used in dietary supplements, fermented foods, and pharmaceutical formulations designed to promote gut health and prevent disease. Definition of Probiotics According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) , probiotics are defined as: "Live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host." Common Microorganisms Used as Pro...