Pharmaceutical Microbiology Insights

Filter integrity testing is an essential procedure to detect defective Sterilize filter cartridges. The filter Integrity test one of the most important test that are carried out on the final product.  A satisfactory result from this test gives assurance that the final product is sterile and therefore acceptable for human use. The membrane filter integrity test is not mentioned in the International Pharmacopoeia. However, it is a requirement of GMP guidelines on aseptic processing using final sterilizing filtration. It is highly recommended that the test is performed prior to release of the product. Different types of filter integrity machines available in market. Pall Corporation Ltd Merk-Millipore Sartorious  Different size of filters Integrity ; a) 20 inch Sterilize filters   b) 10 inch Sterilize filters c) 5 inch Sterilize filters d) 4 inch Sterilize filters (Vent filters or Cartridge filters) e) 0.45 μm   Sterilize filters f) 0.22 μm ...

Is also called a smear loop, micro streaker and inoculation wand. The loop is used for cultivation of microorganisms on plates by transferring inoculum for streaking.  It is easy to sterilize reuse because nichrome wire resists deterioration with repeated heat/ cooling cycles(easy to heat and easy to cool). Flame sterilization is a very simple method of killing microorganisms on an inoculating loop. hold the wire loop end inside an alcohol burner or Bunsen burner flame for a few seconds to bring it. and 15-30 seconds to cool. when cooled, it is ready for culture inoculations. this tool can be reused in different experiments without fear of cross - contamination. The loop of wire at the tip may be made of 24 swg nichrome, platinum or tungsten. this is inexpensive way. The wire forms a small loop with a diameter about 5 mm. The length of loop and wire should be no more than 50 mm. Two types of inoculation loops available in market. With calibrated inoculati...

This equipment used for staining purpose. Automated gram staining machine. Improved the consistency and quality of slides. Reducing potential variability among samples. This system utilizes patented spray technology to provide rapid, standardized results for all types of specimen. Staining process complete within 5 minutes. Assurance of quality - No worry about cross contamination. Reduce the reagents use and waste. Minimal hands- on time and clean up. Full traceability of reagents, users, maintenance and slides. Touchscreen interface for easy-handling of the system. two models available. 12 -slide carousel. 30 -slide carousel. Quick to load, push button carousel.

Both process used for controlling of microorganism. Fumigation activity banned by different regulatory guidelines because negative effect(causing of irritation to the eyes, nose and skin) . Fogging Fogging is a technique. This technique used for killing of microorganisms. Which is directed by a blower and vaporized spray. This process require fogging machine and fogging solution (Fumigant). By these fogger machines solution is sprayed in the area in form of aerosol. The small particles of disinfectant solution suspend in the air for long time and kill all the air borne bacteria,fungus and their spores. This is very effective way to control the contamination. The recommended ULV (Ulta Low Volume)fogger used for fogging.  Fogging purpose Hydrogen peroxide vapor or Virosil is better. Fumigant valid 6% Hydrogen peroxide, 10% Hydrogen peroxide and 20% Hydrogen peroxide used for better controlling of microbes. Virosil (mixer of Hydrogen peroxide 10% and Silver...

Streaking is a microbiology technique. Streaking technique used for single cell colonies identification. Bacteria and fungi to grow on a semi solid surface to produce decrease colonies.        Isolate the single species of microorganism.  Large concentration of bacteria to small concentration of bacteria.    Robert koch is isolated this technique. ·          Types of streaking  1.     T- streak (Three Sector Streak) 2.     Zigzag streak 3.      Quadrant streak 4.     Ecometry streak T-Streaking: Three Sector Streak (t streak):   Sterilize the wire loop. Cool the loop by touching it on the edge of the sterile agar plate. Dip the loop into the broth culture containing the mixture of bacteria. Lift the lid of the plate just enough to insert the loop. Drag the loop over the sur...

· · Catalase Test Put the one drop 3 % H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide) Visible bubble split formation EX: 1. Stephylococci 2. Bacillus subtitils 3. Pseudomonas aeuroginosa 4. Candida Albicans 5. Aspergillus brasillensis 6. Micrococci 7. E.coli 8. Protious vlugartus 9. Salmonella enterica   ·          Catalase is the Enzyme that breaks Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in to H 2 , O 2 .   ·     2H 2 O 2 ----------------------------- 2H 2 O + O 2 ·          3% hydrogen peroxide is topical disinfectant in wound. And the bubbling that is seen is due to the evolution of O 2 gas. ·          H-O-O-H Oxidase test: · ...