Pyrogen Test in Pharmaceutical Microbiology: Comprehensive Guide to Rabbit Test (Sham Test) and Its Significance
Pyrogen Test in Pharmaceutical Microbiology | Rabbit Test (Sham Test) Step-by-Step Guide 1️⃣ Introduction The Pyrogen Test , also known as the Rabbit Test or Sham Test , is a classical method used in pharmaceutical microbiology to detect pyrogens — fever-causing substances that may be present in parenteral products (such as injectables, vaccines, and medical devices). Even trace amounts of pyrogens can cause severe fever, shock, or death when injected into the bloodstream. Therefore, pyrogen testing is a critical quality control step to ensure the safety of sterile pharmaceutical preparations. 2️⃣ What Are Pyrogens? Pyrogens are substances that trigger fever when introduced into the body. 🔹 Types of Pyrogens Endotoxins: Derived from Gram-negative bacteria, heat-stable lipopolysaccharides. Exotoxins: Produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Non-bacterial Pyrogens: Originating from viruses, fungi, or chemical contamination. 3️⃣ Purpose o...